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Hello, this note is compiled from various references; such as : Here are the kinds of English text.
- DESCRIPTION®
- REPORT®
- RECOUNT®
- NARRATIVE®
- PROCEDURE®
- NEWS ITEM
- ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
- SPOOF
- HORTATORY EXPOSITION
- EXPLANATION
- DISCUSSION
- REVIEW
- ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
| ___________®= The text has been learned in Junior High School (SMP) |
- DESCRIPTION
- Social function:
- To describe a particular person, place or thing.
- Generic Structure:
- Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)
- Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)
- Language features :
- Focus on specific participants
- The Use of attributive and identifying processes
- The Frequent use of classifiers in nominal groups
- The Use of the Simple Present Tense
- REPORT
- Social function:
- To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class.
- Generic Structure:
- General classification (introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon under discussion is.)
- Description (tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities, habits/behaviour)
- Language features :
- The Use of general nouns ( Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)
- The Use of present tense(Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
- The Use of behavioural verbs (Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)
- The Use of technical terms ( Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)
- The Use of relating verbs (is, are, has)
- RECOUNT
- Social function:
- To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.
- Generic Structure:
- Orientation : who were involved, when and where was it happened
- Events : tell what happened in a chronological order
- Steps : a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose
- Re-orientation ( optional ) : closure of events
- Language features :
- The Use of imperative ( Boil ..., Don't dry ....)
- Use of pronouns and nouns ( He, She, The doctor)
- Use of action verbs in past (went, helped)
- Use of adverbial phrases
- Social function:
- To amuse or to entertain the readers.
- Generic Structure:
- Orientation : who ,when , where
- Complication : a problem
- Resolution : solution to the problem
- Re-Orientation
- Language features :
- The Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple)
- The Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( two days ago, in the garden)
- The Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village)
- The Use of action verbs ( walked, slept)
- Social function:
- To help us doing a task or making something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.
- Generic Structure:
- Goal / Aim : the purpose of doing the instruction
- Materials : ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions
- Steps : a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose
- The Use of imperative ( Cut ..., Don't mix ....)
- The Use of action verbs (turn, put)
- The Use of connectives(first, then, finally)
- Social function:
- To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
- Generic Structure:
- News worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form)
- Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)
- Sources ( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event)
- Language features :
- The Information on the use of head lines
- The Use of action verbs( hit, attack)
- The Use of saying verbs( said, added, claimed)
- The Use of passive sentences ( Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)
- The Use of adverbs in passive sentences (The victims were badly injured)
Source = http://understandingtext.blogspot.com/
| Monkey Forest gets Kalpataru Nomination | title |
| Ubud: The sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal in Ubud, Gianyar, has been nominated for the Kalpataru Awards 2012 along with other 13 nominees across Indonesia. | News worthy event |
| Kalpataru Awards are the highest distinction for environment-related achievements by individuals, businesses and places. The Awards are usually presented by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in conjunction with World Environment Day, which falls every June 5. The Monkey Forest is owned by the village of Padangtegal and is currently under the management of Padangtegal Wenara Wana Foundation. It is home to rare and endangered flora and plants. It is also home to around 605 Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Together with Udayana University, the foundation identified a number of rare plants in the forest. There are around 115 species of plants, while some of the trees are considered sacred and holy, only being used for spiritual and religious purposes. | Background events |
| Tas Diantoro Hadi, chairman of the Kalpataru Awards National Committee, said that the Monkey Forest was the only candidate from Bali this year. “We will categorize the Monkey Forest as a forest conservation nominee,” he said. | Sources |
- Social function:
- To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.
- Generic Structure:
- Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writer's position)
- Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence)
- Reiteration / Conclusion (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented)
- Language features :
- The Use of Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
- The Use of Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
- The Use of Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
- The Use of, usually, present tense
- The Use of Compound and complex sentences
Source = http://wiki.answers.com/
| SHOULD CHILDREN WEAR HATS AT SCHOOL? | title |
| I believe that you should always wear a hat at school when you are playing outside , to keep from getting sunburn. | Thesis |
| Firstly, if you don't wear a hat, you will get sunburn and a sunburn is painful. Secondly, sunburn could lead to skin cancer. Sunburn can lead to health problems later in life. Many older people suffer from skin cancer which can kill them. | Arguments |
| In my opinion all school students should wear hats. | Conclusion |
- Social function:
- To tell an event with a humorous twist.
- Generic Structure:
- Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)
- Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
- Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)
- Language features :
- The Use of connectives (first, then, finally)
- The Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
- The Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)
- Social function:
- To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case.
- Generic Structure:
- Thesis ( stating an issue of concern)
- Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation)
- Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen)
- Language features :
- The Use of Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
- The Use of Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
- The Use of Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
- The Use of, usually, present tense
- The Use of Compound and complex sentences
- The Use of Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must
Source = http://understandingtext.blogspot.com/
| Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School | title |
| Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years ? First, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school ? | Thesis |
| Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process. Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well. Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process. Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating. | Arguments |
| Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy access to phone is better. | Recommend ation |
- Social function:
- To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena.
- Generic Structure:
- A general statement
- A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.
- Closing
- Language features :
- Focus on generic, non-human participants
- Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language
Source = http://understandingtext.blogspot.com/
| How Venus Eclipse Happens | title |
| On May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural event. It was reported that the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in 2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse happens? | A general statement |
| Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when the position of the earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it is covered by the surface of the Moon. Venus planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon. | A sequenced explanation |
| The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact, the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. However, most people don’t see these events because they are visible in the evening sky only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent closeness varies from month to month as well. | Closing |
- Social function:
- To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (pros and cons)
- Generic Structure:
- Opening statement presenting the issue
- Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons)
- Concluding recommendation
- Language features :
- The Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.
- The Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc.
- The Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc
- The Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc
- The Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc
- The Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc
- The Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc
- The Use of adverbial manner: hopefully
Source = http://understandingtext.blogspot.com/
| The Advantage and Disadvantage of the Internet | title |
| Computer, tablet, mobile phone, and other devices connected to Internet have been the most outstanding innovation in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. | Opening statement |
| The target of internet has always been the communication. By the advent of computer's Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other parts of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship. However, Internet also has disadvantageous sides. One of them is the wide spread of unsuitable content for kids. It is a very serious issue and related to children's healthy mental life. There are thousands of such inappropriate contents on the Internet which can be easily found. | Arguments or evidence |
| Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages. | Conclusion |
- Social function:
- To critique an art work or event for a public audience
- Generic Structure:
- Orientation ( background information on the text)
- Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist of more than one.
- Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot)
- Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized
- Language features :
- Focus on specific participants
- The Use of adjectives
- The Use of long and complex clauses
- The Use of metaphor to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.
Source = http://www.sekolahoke.com/
| Mr. Bean's Holiday | title |
| It’s a film produced by Working Title Production entertaining and full of ridiculous views. The film is starred by the famous funny man Rowan Atkinson. | Orientation |
| The film was begun by the crowd waiting for the announcement of prize won by Mr. Bean. The funny man began traveling with 200 euros heading to Cannes, France. Unfortunately, when he bought some snacks he missed the train so he had to wait for the next one. The film told about Mr. Bean’s effort to return a boy who missed his dad because of Bean’s fault. He was left by his dad in the railway station when Mr. Bean asked him to shoot using a camera. The door was closed but the man was still outside the train. | ? |
| Every screen showed some funny, ridiculous moment and some beautiful scenery about France. An interesting moment was when Mr. Bean and the boy tried to call the parent’s phone number. They tried every number because the last number giving the boy’s father couldn’t be caught by the camera brought by Mr. Bean. When they didn’t have coins to make a call, the boy begged to a woman and she gave a coin. When Bean tried the same action, the woman left him. (Mr. Bean reads the map) Mr. Bean and the boy made a part when Mr. Bean ran after a ticket for a bus. The man then met Sabine, an actress, who helped Mr. Bean and the boy to meet the boy’s parent. | ? |
| In my opinion, this film is good for laugh. The story is not complicated and easy to understand although some conversations are in French language. The film is suitable to watch for every ages. But some scenes may be risky for children like when Sabine kissed Mr. Bean’s cheek to thank him and her low cut dress revealed part of her breasts. The film also shows a view of the beach where Mr. Bean was supposed to go, and there are a lot of women wearing bikinis. This is not good for teenagers. | Evaluative summation |
- Social function:
- Argumentative texts are intended to persuade and convince the audience in terms of communicative functions. But, on the other hand, the term “argumentation” is used to define the operation of justifying an opinion or thesis through the reasoning (or argument), with the aim of changing the views of other person or merely communicating our own ideas
- Generic Structure:
- Language features :
Want to see a sample ? Click = http://spot.pcc.edu/~dramirez/GreatEssays/argumentessay.html
If it is not found click here
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