STRATEGY, METHOD, TECHNIQUE, AND APPROACH

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The difference among Strategy, Method, Technique, and Approach.

1. Strategy
   
   • the action to be taken by the students to reach the objective.
     *Strategy is planned-a systematic approach to a problem
   • the methods you use to allow learners to access the information you are teaching
     For example,
     - you could read the information to them
     - you could display it pictorially
     - you could allow them to research the information themselves
     - you could present it as a PowerPoint presentation
     
     People learn in 3 main ways :- visually, auditory and kinaesthetically.

     Visual learners learn by looking at/seeing something.

     Auditory learners learn by hearing it/being told it.

     Kinaesthetic learners learn by actually doing/experiencing it.

     Your teaching strategies should aim to include all types of learner.
   • Strategy usually requires some sort of planning. You'd probably use strategy when faced with a new situation, ie. the strategy to win a game. A plan of action designed to achieve an overall aim. Strategy means a method. Such as when playing a football game, "That was a great strategy! It always works!" or when playing a video "Ok, our strategy is to go around the enemy". Your example, "Whats your strategy for setting goals?", is ok to say but some people might not know what you mean. Strategy is almost like the word 'tactic'.
     Example :
     A) What tactics do you use ?
     B) My teams tactics are going around.
   Some of the strategies English teachers employ in their classes. You may not employ all of them in one class, and some of them may not work for all students, but you will definitely use at least one of them when you teach in class.
   1. Role-playing
      In Role-playing, you and the student assume roles and act out those roles. For instance, if the lesson is about giving and asking directions, one of you pretends he is lost and the other gives directions.
   2. Information gap
      This works best if you have more than one student. The idea is for learners to interact and talk to each other to fill out missing bits of information. In teaching new words, for example, you give one student a group of words; and the other, the meaning of those words. Give the students time to match the words with their definitions, but to complete the task, they need to interact, share what they know, and ask each other questions.
   3. Reading Aloud
      In Reading Aloud, students not only hone their reading skills but also their pronunciation skills. In reading a passage aloud, students will be able to see the word and then they try to position their mouth or tongue to how the letters are written.
   4. Pair Work
      In Pair Work, your students work in pairs to complete a task. For example, you can ask students to read a dialogue in pairs, or let them clarify what they learned from the dialogue by interacting and asking each other questions. Remember, the idea is to let students work in pairs.
   5. Learning by Teaching
      In Learning by Teaching, students are allowed to prepare and teach lessons. Instead of you teaching, your students discuss a set lesson or topic.
   6. Substitution
      This technique works best when discussing sentence patterns and structures. A word or group of words is changed with another set. Say, the pattern you are working on is "I feel sad today." You can ask the student to change the word "sad" into another word that connotes feelings.
   7. Q&A
      In Q&A, you ask your students a set of questions, but before this, you need to teach your students how to answer using a complete sentence or following a pattern. You can also give your students time to ask those questions.
   8. Singing
      When teaching pronunciation or when targeting a difficult sound, this strategy comes in handy. Say, for instance, the student has difficulty producing the /r/ and /l/ sounds, you can teach him the song "Row, Row, Row Your Boat."
   9. Repetition
      In Repetition, you let your student expose the language by asking him to repeat what you say. This works best for beginners and zero-English students.
   10. Sentence construction
       This strategy is very simple. In Sentence Construction,you let your student create sentences using words you provide. For instance, after explaining the meaning of a new word, you ask the student to make his own sentence using that word.
   11. Physical Demonstration
       This strategy is useful in many situations such as the following: when teaching a zero-English student a new word or when words alone are not sufficient to let your student understood your point. In Physical Demonstration, you point to where or what something is, you gesture, you act out, or you nod to indicate agreement.
   12. Retelling, Summarizing, and /or Paraphrasing
       In your classes, remember to give your student many opportunities to use the English language. In Retelling, Summarizing, and /or Paraphrasing, you ask the student to explain something using his own words. With this strategy, you can also gauge how well your student has understood a concept.
   13. Use of Pictorial Products
       Drawings, pictures, and diagrams are not only interesting and lovely to look at, but they are also a very powerful tool in teaching English. You can use drawings to demonstrate what you mean, or you can present pictures to explain the meaning of a new word.
   14. Asking Probing Questions
       Even though you give your student ample opportunities to speak or use the language, you will encounter students who either do not want to speak or speak only with a "yes" or "no." Ask questions that require them to speak more such as open-ended questions. Instead of yes/no questions, you may want to ask wh- questions.
   15. Use of Tongue Twisters or Nursery Rhymes
       Tongue twisters are useful when teaching pronunciation. Nursery rhymes are one way of piquing students' interest.
   Source :
   

   1. http://wiki.answers.com/teaching_method_and_teaching_strategy
   2. http://wiki.answers.com/teaching_strategies_for_teaching_English
   3. http://wiki.answers.com/teaching_strategies
   4. http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/
2. Method
   
   • the way the teacher approaches the students
   • how teacher deliver content material such as :
     • whole class discussion method, or
     • brainstorming method
   • method....whole class,small group, one to one
   • Method is a way something is done.
     Perhaps used for routine tasks. Teaching Method: Refers to how you apply your answers from the questions stated in Teaching Approaches to your day to day instruction in front of your students.
     • Do you follow the textbooks and curricula to the letter with everything ?
     • Are you more of a Socratic teacher and prompt discussion by asking questions to lead students to understanding ?
     • Do you advocate learning by doing ?
     • Are your students expected to simply listen attentively and take notes (not that any student really does that) with the hopes that they can memorize the facts for assessment ?
     This is not really a question of 'what works for you' but what actual practices and procedures of teaching do you prefer and come most naturally to you.
   Source :
   

   1. http://wiki.answers.com/method_and_teaching_strategy
   2. http://wiki.answers.com/teaching_method_and_teaching_technique
   3. http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/
3. Technique
   
   • skills in handling teaching tools such as OHP, gesture of explaining things...
   • Technique is a procedure or skill for completing a specific task.
     I'd imagine this would be used for predictable events, ie. solving a long division equation.
     Teaching Techniques: These are the little sneaky tricks we all know and use to get the job done in the classroom. Teachers all over have systems of rewards/punishments for students who comply and exceed or defy and lag behind. If a classroom is becoming distracted a teacher may use the technique of silent reading or shared reading to try to rope them in again.
     Another may choose to use a quick physical activity to distract their distraction and get them all to do the same thing at the same time - then quickly direct them back to work. This is really where someone with loads of experience can help another teacher improve her abilities.
     These are the tricks that can be taught to another teacher. Sort of "I find this really helps during math class" type of suggestions. Also a lot of the in-services and workshops all teachers attend offer little tidbits of games, activities, and actions that teachers can use to achieve certain goals in the classroom. Everything from sending a note home to mom and a trip to the principal's office to giving out 'points' for good behavior are examples of techniques teachers can use to keep ahead of the pack.
   Source :
   

   1. http://wiki.answers.com/
   2. http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/
4. Approach
   
   • defines goals
   • An approach is treating something in a certain way. Experiments must be approached the same way to repeat.
     Teaching Approaches: I would say that this is the your own personal philosophy of teaching.
     
     • What is the nature of education ?
     • What is the role of the teacher, the student, the administration, the parents ?
     • To be an effective teacher, does one need to strive to be authoritarian, to be autocratic, or is the best way to engender a sense of trust and familiarity, to be a 'educating/leading friend' to your students ?
     To understand one's personal teaching approaches, one must first look to answer these types of questions. And of course, your opinion will change as time goes on - and it may vary depending on the students you're teaching.
   Source :
   

   1. http://wiki.answers.com/teaching_approach_and_techniques
   2. http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/

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